Makaton is a communication programme that uses signs, symbols and speech to support understanding and expression.
It isn't simply about learning a collection of signs. The different elements of Makaton can be used together, or in different combinations, depending on the individual and what helps them to communicate.
Speech, signs and symbols
When Makaton is used, speech is usually used alongside signs and/or symbols. Rather than signing every word in a sentence, signs are used for the important or key words. The words which carry the most information.
For example, when saying “Would you like a drink?”, you might sign WANT and DRINK while saying the whole sentence.
This can make spoken language easier to understand while still providing a clear model of speech.
Makaton signs
Makaton signs are based on signs from British Sign Language (BSL), but Makaton and BSL are not the same thing.
BSL is a complete language in its own right, with its own grammar and structure. Makaton is a communication programme and is used alongside spoken language. Signs are used following the word order of spoken English.
Using signs can give someone another way to understand what is being said and another way to express themselves when speech is difficult, unclear or unavailable.
Makaton symbols
Symbols are an equally important part of the Makaton Communication Programme.
Makaton symbols provide a visual representation of a concept. They can help someone understand what is happening, make choices, express an idea, follow information or communicate something when they don't know or can't use the sign or spoken word.
Unlike a spoken word or sign, a symbol can also remain in place. This can be particularly helpful for someone who needs more time to process information or who benefits from having a visual reminder to refer back to.
For some people, symbols are an additional support. For others, they may become an important or preferred way of communicating.
The Core Vocabulary
Makaton has a carefully structured Core Vocabulary of approximately 450 concepts.
The vocabulary is organised into stages, beginning with concepts relating to immediate needs and everyday experiences and gradually expanding to include the wider world.
This structure helps people begin with vocabulary that is useful and meaningful to them, rather than trying to learn everything at once.
There is also a much larger vocabulary available beyond the Core Vocabulary, allowing Makaton to support communication about an enormous range of subjects, interests and experiences.
One size doesn't fit all
There isn't one single way that everybody should use Makaton.
One person may use speech and signs. Another may rely more heavily on symbols. Someone else might use Makaton alongside photographs, objects, a communication aid or another form of AAC.
Communication can also change depending on the situation. Someone who usually speaks, for example, may find signs or symbols particularly useful when they are tired, anxious, overwhelmed or finding it difficult to process spoken language.
The important thing is finding ways of communicating that work for the individual and making sure the people around them have the skills to communicate with them too.
Want to know more?
Makaton is used by children and adults with a wide range of communication needs, as well as by the families, friends and professionals around them.